{
  "id": "a1645021-1118-5578-9bd2-e4471b3f6544",
  "slug": "c2-1-chemical-signaling",
  "title": "C2.1 Chemical Signaling",
  "course": "IB Biology",
  "level": "HL",
  "syllabusCode": "C2.1",
  "questionCount": 17,
  "page": "https://splycr.com/ib-biology/c2-1-chemical-signaling",
  "data": "https://splycr.com/library/c2-1-chemical-signaling.json",
  "play": "https://splycr.com/?set=a1645021-1118-5578-9bd2-e4471b3f6544",
  "section": {
    "name": "Theme C: Interaction and interdependence",
    "page": "https://splycr.com/ib-biology/interaction-and-interdependence"
  },
  "source": {
    "name": "Biology by Bradford",
    "href": "https://biologybybradford.com"
  },
  "questions": [
    {
      "number": 1,
      "question": "General term for any chemical messenger secreted into the blood that acts on distant target cells?",
      "answer": "Hormone",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Luciferase",
        "Ligand",
        "Target cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 2,
      "question": "A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream?",
      "answer": "Endocrine gland",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Pituitary gland",
        "Peptide hormone",
        "Adenylyl cyclase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 3,
      "question": "A cell that possesses specific receptors for a particular hormone?",
      "answer": "Target cell",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Steroid hormone",
        "Hormone",
        "Ligand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 4,
      "question": "The brain region that acts as the control center for homeostasis and the pituitary?",
      "answer": "Hypothalamus",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Steroid hormone",
        "Luciferase",
        "Adenylyl cyclase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 5,
      "question": "The \"master gland\" consisting of anterior and posterior lobes?",
      "answer": "Pituitary gland",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Endocrine gland",
        "Adenylyl cyclase",
        "Peptide hormone"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 6,
      "question": "A signaling molecule that binds specifically to a receptor?",
      "answer": "Ligand",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Luciferase",
        "Hormone",
        "LuxR"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 7,
      "question": "Receptors that act through a G protein, often leading to cAMP production?",
      "answer": "GPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors)",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Autoinducer (e.g., AHL)",
        "Ligand-gated ion channels",
        "Autocrine signaling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 8,
      "question": "Receptors that open or close a \"gate\" in response to a ligand, allowing ions to flow?",
      "answer": "Ligand-gated ion channels",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Autoinducer (e.g., AHL)",
        "Endocrine signaling",
        "Autocrine signaling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 9,
      "question": "Chain reaction: epinephrine → G protein → ? → cAMP",
      "answer": "Adenylyl cyclase",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Steroid hormone",
        "Endocrine gland",
        "Peptide hormone"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 10,
      "question": "Signals targeting neighboring cells (like neurotransmitters)?",
      "answer": "Paracrine signaling",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Endocrine signaling",
        "Autocrine signaling",
        "Adenylyl cyclase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 11,
      "question": "Signalling in which a cell responds to a signal it secreted itself (e.g., IL-2 on T cells)?",
      "answer": "Autocrine signaling",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Paracrine signaling",
        "Endocrine signaling",
        "Peptide hormone"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 12,
      "question": "Long-distance signaling via the blood (hormones)?",
      "answer": "Endocrine signaling",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Paracrine signaling",
        "Autocrine signaling",
        "Endocrine gland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 13,
      "question": "What is the term for a signal molecule whose concentration rises as bacterial density increases?",
      "answer": "Autoinducer (e.g., AHL)",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Ligand-gated ion channels",
        "Paracrine signaling",
        "GPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 14,
      "question": "In Vibrio fischeri, what is the name of the cytoplasmic receptor?",
      "answer": "LuxR",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Ligand",
        "Hormone",
        "Luciferase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 15,
      "question": "In Vibrio fischeri, which enzyme is made once autoinducer reaches a threshold concentration, producing light?",
      "answer": "Luciferase",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Ligand",
        "Hormone",
        "Hypothalamus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 16,
      "question": "What term describes a lipid-soluble hormone that crosses the membrane and binds intracellular receptors?",
      "answer": "Steroid hormone",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Peptide hormone",
        "Pituitary gland",
        "Endocrine gland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "number": 17,
      "question": "Water-soluble hormone made of amino acid chains that binds membrane receptors (e.g., insulin)?",
      "answer": "Peptide hormone",
      "wrongOptions": [
        "Pituitary gland",
        "Endocrine gland",
        "Adenylyl cyclase"
      ]
    }
  ]
}